![]() 6.5: Hiroshima and Nagasaki During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively.The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction/ 6.4: The Manhattan Project - Critical Mass and Bomb Construction The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion.6.3: The Manhattan Project - Labs and Fuel The four major obstacles that plagued Manhattan Project Scientists/ Engineers were: Obtaining and purifying U-235 to use as weapon fuel (Oak Ridge, TN by Ernest Lawrence) Synthesizing Pu-239 to be used as an alternate weapon fuel (Hanford, WA by Glen Seaborg) Calculating critical mass of nuclear fuel to ensure a chain reaction (University of Chicago, IL by Enrico Fermi) Assembling and then testing nuclear device (Los Alamos, NM by J.Chemists purified the two metals and metallurgists shaped them into forms suitable for the weapons. 6.2: The Manhattan Project - Prewar On the lava flows of an extinct volcano 35 miles north of Santa Fe, Robert Oppenheimer, a brilliant physicist from the University of California, led the development of the first nuclear fission weapons.This releases large amounts of energy in the form of heat, light, and gamma radiation. 6.1: The History and Basics of Fission Nuclei that are larger than iron-56 may undergo nuclear reactions in which they break up into two or more smaller nuclei.
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